Scolopendra references

[danread]

I thought this might be of interest of some of you. It is the entire set of references generated by one of the scientific search engines when i use the search term "Scolopendra". Some of the papers are available free online, use google scholar to try and find them. Otherwise the rest can usually be ordered in you local library (at least you can in the UK, i'm not sure about other countries), or the British Library for a cost.


Acosta, M. & Cazorla, D. (2004) Centipede (Scolopendra sp.) envenomation in a rural village of semi-arid region from Falcon State, Venezuela. Revista De Investigacion Clinica, 56, 712-717.

Agata, M.D., Pannunzio, G., Annicchiarico, M., Coscarella, A., & Ferracin, A. (1990) Unusual Steady-State Kinetic-Properties of a Chilopod Enzyme - L(+)Lactate Dehydrogenase Purified from Scolopendra-Cingulata. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 96, 439-444.

Amouriq, L. (1970) Analysis of Latent Learning Ability of Scolopendra-Cingulata Latr. (Chilopoda) Using a 11130 Ordinator. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires Des Seances De L Academie Des Sciences Serie D, 271, 1642-&.

Anderson, B.D., Shultz, J.W., & Jayne, B.C. (1995) Axial Kinematics and Muscle-Activity During Terrestrial Locomotion of the Centipede Scolopendra-Heros. Journal of Experimental Biology, 198, 1185-1195.

Balit, C.R., Harvey, M.S., Waldock, J.M., & Isbister, G.K. (2004) Prospective study of centipede bites in Austrtalia. Journal of Toxicology-Clinical Toxicology, 42, 41-48.

Bouchard, N.C., Chan, G.M., & Hoffman, R.S. (2004) Vietnamese centipede envenomation. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 46, 312-313.

Bush, S.P., King, B.O., Norris, R.L., & Stockwell, S.A. (2001) Centipede envenomation. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 12, 93-99.

Camatini, M. & Franchi, E. (1979) Ultrastructural Morphology of Spermatozoa from Scolopendra-Morsitans (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology, 11, 335-343.

Carcuprino, M., Baldacci, A., Fausto, A.M., Scapigliati, G., & Mazzini, M. (1999) Sperm dimorphism in Chilopoda: comparison of Scolopendromorpha and Geophilomorpha. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 35, 45-53.


Cohen, E. & Quistad, G.B. (1998) Cytotoxic effects of arthropod venoms on various cultured cells. Toxicon, 36, 353-358.

Crawford, C.S., Riddle, W.A., & Pugach, S. (1975) Overwintering Physiology of Centipede Scolopendra-Polymorpha. Physiological Zoology, 48, 290-294.

Cronin, T.W., Marshall, N.J., & Caldwell, R.L. (1993) Photoreceptor Spectral Diversity in the Retinas of Squilloid and Lysiosquilloid Stomatopod

Crustaceans. Journal of Comparative Physiology a-Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology, 172, 339-350.

Daas, T., Bouzerna, N., & Descamps, M. (1995) Influence of Ecological Factors on Distribution of Chilopods in Eastern Algeria. Bulletin De La Societe Zoologique De France-Evolution Et Zoologie, 120, 21-27.

Dass, C.M.S. & Jangi, B.S. (1978) Ultrastructural Organization of Poison Gland of Centipede Scolopendra-Morsitans Linn. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 16, 748-757.

Descamps, M. & Joly, R. (1985) Ultrastructure of the Cerebral Glands in Scolopendra-Cingulata Latr, Cryptops-Savignyi Leach and Cryptops-Hortensis Leach (Myriapoda, Scolopendromorpha). International Journal of Insect Morphology & Embryology, 14, 105-113.

Elzinga, R.J. (1994) The Use of Legs as Grasping Structures During Prey Capture and Feeding by the Centipede Scolopendra-Viridis Say (Chilopoda, Scolopendridae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 67, 369-372.

Gomes, A., Datta, A., Sarangi, B., Kar, P.K., & Lahiri, S.C. (1982) Pharmacodynamics of Venom of the Centipede Scolopendra-Subspinipes-Dehaani Brandt. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 20, 615-618.

Gomes, A., Datta, A., Sarangi, B., Kar, P.K., & Lahiri, S.C. (1983) Isolation, Purification and Pharmacodynamics of a Toxin from the Venom of the Centipede Scolopendra-Subspinipes-Dehaani Brandt. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 21, 203-207.

Gonzalez, A., Rodriguez-Acosta, A., Gassette, J., Ghisoli, M., Sanabria, E., & Reyes-Lugo, M. (2000) Bioecological aspects of Scolopendra (Scolopendra gigantea Linnaeus 1758) and the hystopathological activity of its venom. Revista Cientifica-Facultad De Ciencias Veterinarias, 10, 303-309.

Gutierrez, M.D., Abarca, C., & Possani, L.D. (2003) A toxic fraction from scolopendra venom increases the basal release of neurotransmitters in the ventral ganglia of crustaceans. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-Toxicology & Pharmacology, 135, 205-214.

Hadley, N.F., Stuart, J.L., & Quinlan, M. (1982) An Air-Flow System for Measuring Total Transpiration and Cuticular Permeability in Arthropods - Studies on the Centipede Scolopendra-Polymorpha. Physiological Zoology, 55, 393-404.

Hertel, W., Wirkner, C.S., & Pass, G. (2002) Studies on the cardiac physiology of Onychophora and Chilopoda. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology a-Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 133, 605-609.

Holycross, A.T. & Mackessy, S.P. (2002) Variation in the diet of Sistrurus catenatus (Massasauga), with emphasis on Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii (Desert Massasauga). Journal of Herpetology, 36, 454-464.

Jangi, B.S. & Dass, C.M.S. (1977) Chemoreceptive Function of Poison Fang in Centipede Scolopendra-Morsitans L. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 15, 803-804.

Joshi, G.P., Hurkat, P.C., & Changulani, V. (1977) Studies on Morphological Aspect of Supra-Esophageal and Subesophageal Ganglia of Scolopendra-Morsitans Linn (Myr Chilopoda). Deutsche Entomologische
Zeitschrift, 24, 175-180.

Kang, I.C. & Kim, D.S. (1998) Analysis of the potent platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonist from natural sources. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 31, 515-518.

Kim, K.T., Hong, S.W., Lee, J.H., Park, K.B., & Cho, K.S. (1998) Mechanism of antibiotic action and biosynthesis of Centipedin purified from Scolopendra subspinipes multilans L Koch (centipede). Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 31, 328-332.

Kim, K.Y., Chung, K.H., & Moon, H.M. (1993) Purification and Characterization of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Scolopendra. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 69, 839-839.

Knysak, I., Martins, R., & Bertim, C.R. (1998) Epidemiological aspects of centipede (Scolopendromorphae : Chilopoda) bites registered in Greater S. Paulo, SP, Brazil. Revista De Saude Publica, 32, 514-518.

Koch, L.E. (1982) Taxonomy of the Centipede Scolopendra-Laeta Haase (Chilopoda, Scolopendridae) in Australia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 76, 125-140.

Koch, L.E. (1983) Morphological Characters of Australian Scolopendrid Centipedes, and the Taxonomy and Distribution of Scolopendra-Morsitans L (Chilopoda, Scoloendridae, Scolopendrinae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 31, 79-91.

Lewis, J.G.E. (1986) The Genus Trachycormocephalus a Junior Synonym of Scolopendra, with Remarks on the Validity of Other Genera of the Tribe Scolopendrini (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha). Journal of Natural History, 20, 1083-1087.

Lewis, J.G.E. & Daszak, P. (1996) On centipedes collected on the Raleigh international expedition to Mauritius and Rodrigues 1993, with a description of a new species of Scolopendra (Scolopendromorpha; Scolopendridae). Journal of Natural History, 30, 293-297.

Logan, J.L. & Ogden, D.A. (1985) Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Renal-Failure Following the Bite of the Giant Desert Centipede Scolopendra-Heros. Western Journal of Medicine, 142, 549-550.

Lopez, P. & Martin, J. (2001) Chemosensory predator recognition induces specific defensive behaviours in a fossorial amphisbaenian. Animal Behaviour, 62, 259-264.

Mazzini, M., Fausto, A.M., Puri, C., Zapparoli, M., & Carcupino, M. (1993) End-Piece Formation During Spermiogenesis of Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda). Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology, 25, 257-262.

Mohamed, A.H., Abusinna, G., Elshabaka, H.A., & Elaal, A.A. (1983) Proteins, Lipids, Lipoproteins and Some Enzyme Characterizations of the Venom Extract from the Centipede Scolopendra-Morsitans. Toxicon, 21, 371-&.

Mohamed, A.H., Zaid, E., Elbeih, N.M., & Elaal, A.A. (1980) Effects of an Extract from the Centipede Scolopendra-Moristans on Intestine, Uterus and Heart Contractions and on Blood-Glucose and Liver and Muscle Glycogen Levels. Toxicon, 18, 581-&.

Mohri, S., Sugiyama, A., Saito, K., & Nakajima, H. (1991) Centipede Bites in Japan. Cutis, 47, 189-190.

Molonnoblot, S. (1977) Gametes of Gregarine Grebnickiella-Gracilis (Grebnecki) (Sporozoaire) Parasite of Scolopendra-Cingulata L - 1st Ultrastructural Data. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires Des Seances De L Academie Des Sciences Serie D, 284, 1179-1182.

Molonnoblot, S. (1978) Electron-Microscope Study of Gametogenesis of Grebnickiella-Gracilis (Grebnecki) (Sporozoa) Parasite of Scolopendra-Cingulata L. Annales Des Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie Et Biologie Animale, 20, 79-97.

Molonnoblot, S. & Desportes, I. (1977) Individualization of Synaptonemal Complexes in Meiotic Nucleus of a Sporozoon, Gregarine Grebnickiella-Gracilis-(Grebnicki) Parasite of Scolopendre Scolopendra-Cingulata L. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires Des Seances De L Academie Des Sciences Serie D, 285, 217-&.

[danread]

Molonnoblot, S. & Desportes, I. (1980) Ultrastructural-Study of the Gamogonic Mitoses in the Gregarine Grebnickiella-Gracilis Gr Parasite of the Centipede Scolopendra-Cingulata L - Considerations on the Schizogonic Mitoses in Sporoza (Apicomplexa). Protistologica, 16, 395-411.

Moon, S.S., Cho, N.S., Shin, J., Seo, Y., Lee, C.O., & Choi, S.U. (1996) Jineol, a cytotoxic alkaloid from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes. Journal of Natural Products, 59, 777-779.

Mumcuoglu, K.Y. & Leibovici, V. (1989) Centipede (Scolopendra) Bite - a Case-Report. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 25, 47-49.
Neck, R.W. (1985) Comparative Behavior and External Color Patterns of 2 Sympatric Centipedes (Chilopoda, Scolopendra) from Central Texas. Texas Journal of Science, 37, 253-255.

Negrea, S. (1997) On the Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda) of Israel and adjoining areas. Israel Journal of Zoology, 43, 279-294.

Nevermann, L., Kaiser, H.E., & Xylander, W.E.R. (1996) Microbial induced hemocytic immune reactions in chilopods. In Vivo, 10, 161-167.

Noda, N., Yashiki, Y., Nakatani, T., Miyahara, K., & Du, X.M. (2001) A novel
quinoline alkaloid possessing a 7-benzyl group from the centipede,
Scolopendra subspinipes. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 49, 930-931.

Nygren, A. (2004) Revision of autolytinae (Syllidae : Polychaeta). Zootaxa, 3-314.

Ozsarac, M., Karcioglu, O.U., Ayrik, C., Somuncu, F., & Gumrukcu, S. (2004) Acute coronary ischemia following centipede envenomation: Case report and review of the literature. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 15, 109-112.

Pemberton, R.W. (1999) Insects and other arthropods used as drugs in Korean traditional medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65, 207-216.

Prema, S. & Janardanan, K.P. (1987) Grebneckiella-Ramachandrani Sp-N (Apicomplexa, Cephalina) from the Centipede, Scolopendra-Morsitans Linne. Acta Protozoologica, 26, 237-&.

Rajulu, G.S. (1971) Presence of Resilin in Cuticle of Centipede, Scolopendra-Morsitans-L. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 9, 122-&.

Rajulu, G.S. (1971) Study of Hemocytes in a Centipede Scolopendra-Morsitans (Chilopoda-Myriapoda). Cytologia, 36, 515-&.

Rodrigues, S.A. & Manning, R.B. (1992) 1st Stage Larva of Coronis-Scolopendra Latreille (Stomatopoda, Nannosquillidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 12, 79-82.

Shear, W.A. & Peck, S.B. (1992) Centipedes (Chilopoda) and Symphyla of the Galapagos-Islands, Ecuador. Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie, 70, 2260-2274.

Shelley, R.M. (2004) Occurrences of the centipedes, Scolopendra morsitans L. and S. subspinipes Leach, on Pacific Islands (Chilopoda : Scolopendromorpha : Scolopendridae). Entomological News, 115, 78-83.

Shelley, R.M., Edwards, G.B., & Chagas, A. (2005) Introduction of the centipede Scolopendra morsitans L., 1758, into northeastern Florida, the first authentic North American record, and a review of its global occurrences (Scolopendromorpra : Scolopendridae : Scolopendrinae). Entomological News, 116, 39-58.

Shelley, R.M. & Kiser, S.B. (2000) Neotype designation and a diagnostic account for the centipede, Scolopendra gigantea L. 1758, with an account of S. galapagoensis Bollman 1889 (Chilopoda Scolopendromorpha Scolopendridae). Tropical Zoology, 13, 159-170.

Singotam, L. & Dass, C.M.S. (1977) Studies on Eugregarine, Grebneckiella-Pixellae Misra, Parasitic in Midgut of Centipede Scolopendra-Morsitans Linn .1. Scanning Electron-Microscope Studies on Stages in Life-History. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 15, 719-727.

Solari, S.S. (1983) Patagonian Bryophytes .8. On the Identity of Lepicolea Scolopendra (Hook) Trev Var Magellanica Gola and Sendtnera Ochroleuca (Spreng) Nees Var Piligera Denot. Lindbergia, 9, 86-88.

Stankiewicz, M., Hamon, A., Benkhalifa, R., Kadziela, W., Hue, B., Lucas, S., Mebs, D., & Pelhate, M. (1999) Effects of a centipede venom fraction on insect nervous system, a native Xenopus oocyte receptor and on an expressed Drosophila muscarinic receptor. Toxicon, 37, 1431-1445.

Taylor, E.N. (2001) Diet of the Baja California rattlesnake, Crotalus enyo (Viperidae). Copeia, 553-555.

Tripathi, G. & Sharma, B.M. (2005) Effects of of habitats and pesticides on aerobic capacity and survival of soil fauna. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 18, 169-175.

Tyagi, H.R. & Tewari, H.B. (1982) On the Enzymatic Make-Ups of the Integumentary Derivatives and Their Physiological Roles in the Indian Centipede, Scolopendra-Moristans. Acta Morphologica Neerlando-Scandinavica, 20, 151-164.

Vilella, F.J. (1998) Biology of the mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) in a rain forest of Puerto Rico. Biotropica, 30, 120-125.
Wang, I.K., Hsu, S.P., Chi, C.C., Lee, K.F., Lin, P.Y., Chang, H.W., & Chuang,

F.R. (2004) Rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, and multiple focal neuropathies after drinking alcohol soaked with centipede. Renal Failure, 26, 93-97.

You, W.K., Sohn, Y.D., Kim, K.Y., Park, D.H., Jang, Y., & Chung, K.H. (2004) Purification and molecular cloning of a novel serine protease from the centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 34, 239-250.

[cacoseraph]

that's sweet!

i'll try to post links to the free ones that are interesting (and digestable =P ).

[Randolph XX()]

this should be the sticky

[BugToxin]

Originally Posted by Randolph XX()

this should be the sticky

Agreed!!! This is an inspiring list of resouces. Thanks for the hard work in putting it together Mr. Danread!!!

[cacoseraph]

Originally Posted by BugToxin

Agreed!!! This is an inspiring list of resouces. Thanks for the hard work in putting it together Mr. Danread!!!

if you go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed

you can get a free account and get access to these three free full text articles if you search for scolopendra (reviews to follow article headers)

incidentily, you have to click through to other host sites. i think it has to do with references and being like, legit documents. the free full text is there, tho

1: Noda N, Yashiki Y, Nakatani T, Miyahara K, Du XM. Related Articles, Links
A novel quinoline alkaloid possessing a 7-benzyl group from the centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2001 Jul;49(7):930-1.
PMID: 11456108 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
2: Rodriguez-Acosta A, Gassette J, Gonzalez A, Ghisoli M. Related Articles, Links
Centipede (Scolopendra gigantea Linneaus 1758) envenomation in a newborn.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2000 Nov-Dec;42(6):341-2.
PMID: 11136521 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
3: Anderson B, Shultz J, Jayne B. Related Articles, Links
Axial kinematics and muscle activity during terrestrial locomotion of the centipede Scolopendra heros
J Exp Biol. 1995;198(Pt 5):1185-95.
PMID: 9319031 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

1) ROUGH read. HIGHLY technical. Don't bother unless you are CodeMonkey level

2)Good read. Low to Midlevel med speak, but if you are serious those are all basic terms you should know and learn. Very slightly rough translation of original spanish (er, or portuguese...), not a problem though. Best of the lot, to my tastes

3) Big 11 page pdf. Too high level for my brain. Walking study using myographs and lots of math. Biological reference, physics, and general knowledge level required to grok this are all high. Big Meaty Article though.

[cacoseraph]

Originally Posted by cacoseraph

if you go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
2: Rodriguez-Acosta A, Gassette J, Gonzalez A, Ghisoli M. Related Articles, Links
Centipede (Scolopendra gigantea Linneaus 1758) envenomation in a newborn.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2000 Nov-Dec;42(6):341-2.
PMID: 11136521 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2)Good read. Low to Midlevel med speak, but if you are serious those are all basic terms you should know and learn. Very slightly rough translation of original spanish (er, or portuguese...), not a problem though. Best of the lot, to my tastes

direct link to the S. gigantea bite article, no login required, i think:
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?scri...rm=iso&tlng=en

[BugToxin]

Cacoseraph,
Thanks for the link!!! Even the stuff I don't understand is fun to read when it's about centipedes. This may even inspire me to go to the library to get some of the other articles.

[cacoseraph]

http://www.wemjournal.org/wmsonline/...e=02&page=0109

free full text, no sign up required!
medical report on bite by Scolopendra spp. or Otostigmus spp. on 60yo man in (Turkey?)
ah, this is interesting because there is apparent systemic effect on the mans heart. the medspeak is medium. slightly too thick for me to figure out exactly what the possible effects of the venom on the man's heart could be.

ooh, coronary vasospasm = heart vessel spasm... that doesn't sound good.
bradycardia= ?
acute ischemic process = ?

there is a link to a BAD quality pic of the dead centi that bit the man
and EEG or ECG or some kind of grams.

after the specific case study on the man there is an interesting and more digestable like, summary of the state of centipede envenomation in medical science, which might make this article note worthy to some

edit:

oooh, i was in mayoclinic.com looking something up for my accident prone brother and came across something called an Tansient Ischemic Attack. it's uh, interesting to say the least
spread some Mayo please

[cacoseraph]

http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/E...0902102-113452

heh, oops. that's leads to either taiwanese or trad. chinese. no use to me, but perhaps one of our friends who speaks (and recognizes the language) could review it

it tricked me cuz the abstract was in english

HOLD THE PHONE!

i downloaded the full text, hoping for pics... the first page is in, er, that other language... but there is ENGLISH TEXT!

IT IS A FREE CENTIPEDE BOOK!!!! I had to download a 7.7MB language module for adobe reader, but good grief, it looks to be worth it!

WAY too much info to read it all here... if you have a broadband i would suggest checking it out.

Title:
Revision on Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda) from Taiwan

106 page pdf, not sure of filesize, but BIG


RAndolph... i *think* you might be interested in this...
KEYS!!!
Key to Four centi Orders in Taiwan
Keys to Genera of Scolopendra order
Keys to species of genus Scolopendra!

Descriptions of all Taiwan Scolopendra spp.
Descriptions of all Taiwan Otostigmus spp.

Keys to T spp of Rhysida

Keys & Desc. Taiwan Cryptops

K&D to T Scolopocryptops

basically keys and species descriptions to all Scolopendramorphae in Taiwan!

this paper is AWESOME!!!

OMG! there are pictures!

YOU MUST DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER! IT IS A FREE CENTIPEDE BOOK!
IT DETAILS PHYSIOLOGY, EVERYTHING!

EDIT:
ah nuts, Randolph has just informed me it is sort of outdated. There is still a lot of good basic info though, but maybe the species accounts aren't quite 100% modern and correct

[cacoseraph]

Originally Posted by danread

Some of the papers are available free online, use google scholar to try and find them.

i never new about google scholar, that thing is awesome

http://www.wemjournal.org/pdfserv/i1...12-02-0093.pdf

bite reports on CA scolopendra! (i'm from CA)

HOLYSHNIKES!!!

PHOTO: Dr. STOCKWELL HOLDING A HUGE S. SUBSPINIPES!!!
[edit] heh, and pics of his hand after he gets tagged[/edit]

Oh this one is great! Easy to read and has some great B&W photos

no user name required, direct link

[Kaos]

Thanks Dan, that's excellent

[Steven]

Thanx,...

some new stuff to bang our heads on

[cacoseraph]

http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/NHM/3Zoo/schi_sta.pdf

cool paper that seems to talk about a museum collection in Vienna

545kb 71 page pdf. primarily in english, there is some, er, european in there

no pics that i saw, but a lot of clear diagrams.

these seems to contain a bunch of random descriptions of species. i'm not sure it's a key, so much as a description of various centipepdes.

i want to compare Ethmostigmus trigonopodus description to my Tanzanian Blue-ringed... even though Vincent gave me the spiracles on segments 7+8 = Ethmostigmus, cuz no Scolopendra has spiracles on 7+8 short answer

[cacoseraph]

This isn't a paper, but it's got good info about Cryptops centipedes (specifically those of Tasmania, but good general info too)
Written at a very nice accessable level, while still containing lots of information. Recommended

http://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/zoology/...o/cencryp.html

the more general page for Tasmania multipedes
http://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/zoology/...s/mullist.html

coolness, Tasmania has the Crater centipedes!
Craterostigmomorpha
http://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/zoology/...ra/cencra.html
craters are the legendary FIFTH form of centipedes!
(the "normal" four are Scutigeromorpha, Scolopendromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, and Geophilomorpha)